Joan Fitz-Alan
F, b. circa 1473, d. ?unknown
Elizabeth Cheney
F, d. ?unknown
Humphrey Bourchier
M, b. circa January 1434, d. 14 April 1471
| Note* |
Died during the battle of Barnetfield. |
| Marriage* |
Principal=Elizabeth Tylney |
| Birth* |
circa January 1434 |
| Death* |
14 April 1471, Barnetfield |
Elizabeth Bourchier
F, b. circa 1444, d. ?unknown
| Death* |
?unknown |
| Marriage* |
Principal=Robert Welles |
| Birth* |
circa 1444 |
Napper Tandy
M, d. ?unknown
| Death* |
?unknown |
| Marriage* |
|
Robert Welles
M, b. circa 1438, d. ?unknown
Thomasine Hankford
F, b. 23 February 1421, d. 1453
Richard Hankford
M, d. ?unknown
Fulke Bourchier Of Fitz-Warren
M, d. 1497
John De Mowbray Of Norfolk III
M, b. 1413, d. 19 October 1461
| Marriage* |
Principal=Anne Bourchier |
| Birth* |
1413, Epsworth, Axholme, Lincolnshire, England |
| Death* |
19 October 1461, Epsworth, Axholme, Lincolnshire, England |
John De Mowbray Of Norfolk II
M, d. ?unknown
Katherine De Neville Of Norfolk
F, d. ?unknown
John De Mowbray Of Norfolk IV
M, b. circa 18 October 1444, d. 16 January 1475
| Marriage* |
Principal=Eleanor Butler |
| Birth* |
circa 18 October 1444 |
| Death* |
16 January 1475 |
Margaret De Valois Of Anjou
F, b. 23 March 1428, d. 25 August 1482
| Burial* |
?unknown, St. Maurice's Cathedral, Angers, Anjou, France |
| Birth* |
23 March 1428, Pont-A-Mousson, Lorraine, France |
| Marriage* |
23 April 1445, Titchfield Abbey, Hants, England, Principal=Henry Plantagenet VI Of England |
| Death* |
25 August 1482, Chateau de Dampiere, Nr. Samur, Anjou, France |
Rene De Valois Of Naples & Sicily
M, d. ?unknown
Richard Sewell
M, d. 1638
| Birth* |
Coventry Co., England |
| Marriage* |
1 September 1624, Principal=Mary Dugdale |
| Death* |
1638, Warwick Co., England |
Isabel (?) Of Bar
F, d. ?unknown
Edward Plantagenet Of Wales
M, b. 13 October 1453, d. 4 May 1471
| Burial* |
?unknown, Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire, England |
| Birth* |
13 October 1453, Wesminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England |
| Marriage* |
13 December 1470, Chateau d'Ambosie, France, Principal=Lady Anne Beauchamp Nevill |
| Death* |
4 May 1471, Battle Of Tewkesbury, England |
Lady Anne Beauchamp Nevill
F, b. 11 June 1456, d. 16 March 1484
| Burial* |
?unknown, Westminster Abbey, London. Middlesex, England |
| Birth* |
11 June 1456, Warwick Castle, Warwickshire, England |
| Marriage* |
13 December 1470, Chateau d'Ambosie, France, Principal=Edward Plantagenet Of Wales |
| Marriage* |
12 July 1472, Westminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England, Principal=King Richard Plantagenet III Of England |
| Acceded* |
6 June 1483, Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England |
| Death* |
16 March 1484, Wesminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England |
Lady Anne De Beauchamp
F, b. September 1426, d. 20 September 1492
King Henry Tudor VIII Of England
M, b. 28 June 1491, d. 28 January 1546
| Burial* |
?unknown, St.George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England |
| Note* |
Henry VIII, born in 1491, was the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. The significance of Henry's reign is, at times, overshadowed by his six marriages: dispensing with these forthwith enables a deeper search into the major themes of the reign. He married Catherine of Aragon (widow of his brother, Arthur) in 1509, divorcing her in 1533; the union produced one daughter, Mary. Henry married the pregnant Anne Boleyn in 1533; she gave him another daughter, Elizabeth, but was executed for infidelity (a treasonous charge in the king's consort) in May 1536. He married Jane Seymour by the end of the same month, who died giving birth to Henry's lone male heir, Edward, in October 1536. Early in 1540, Henry arranged a marriage with Anne of Cleves, after viewing Hans Holbein's beautiful portrait of the German princess. In person, alas, Henry found her homely and the marriage was never consummated. In July 1540, he married the adulterous Catherine Howard - she was executed for infidelity in March 1542. Catherine Parr became his wife in 1543, providing for the needs of both Henry and his children until his death in 1547.
The court life initiated by his father evolved into a cornerstone of Tudor government in the reign of Henry VIII. After his father's staunch, stolid rule, the energetic, youthful and handsome king avoided governing in person, much preferring to journey the countryside hunting and reviewing his subjects. Matters of state were left in the hands of others, most notably Thomas Wolsey, Archbishop of York. Cardinal Wolsey virtually ruled England until his failure to secure the papal annulment that Henry needed to marry Anne Boleyn in 1533. Wolsey was quite capable as Lord Chancellor, but his own interests were served more than that of the king: as powerful as he was, he still was subject to Henry's favor - losing Henry's confidence proved to be his downfall. The early part of Henry's reign, however, saw the young king invade France, defeat Scottish forces at the Battle of Foldden Field (in which James IV of Scotland was slain), and write a treatise denouncing Martin Luther's Reformist ideals, for which the pope awarded Henry the title "Defender of the Faith".
The 1530's witnessed Henry's growing involvement in government, and a series of events which greatly altered England, as well as the whole of Western Christendom: the separation of the Church of England from Roman Catholicism. The separation was actually a by-product of Henry's obsession with producing a male heir; Catherine of Aragon failed to produce a male and the need to maintain dynastic legitimacy forced Henry to seek an annulment from the pope in order to marry Anne Boleyn. Wolsey tried repeatedly to secure a legal annulment from Pope Clement VII, but Clement was beholden to the Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and nephew of Catherine. Henry summoned the Reformation Parliament in 1529, which passed 137 statutes in seven years and exercised an influence in political and ecclesiastic affairs which was unknown to feudal parliaments. Religious reform movements had already taken hold in England, but on a small scale: the Lollards had been in existence since the mid-fourteenth century and the ideas of Luther and Zwingli circulated within intellectual groups, but continental Protestantism had yet to find favor with the English people. The break from Rome was accomplished through law, not social outcry; Henry, as Supreme Head of the Church of England, acknowledged this by slight alterations in worship ritual instead of a wholesale reworking of religious dogma. England moved into an era of "conformity of mind" with the new royal supremacy (much akin to the absolutism of France's Louis XIV): by 1536, all ecclesiastical and government officials were required to publicly approve of the break with Rome and take an oath of loyalty. The king moved away from the medieval idea of ruler as chief lawmaker and overseer of civil behavior, to the modern idea of ruler as the ideological icon of the state.
The remainder of Henry's reign was anticlimactic. Anne Boleyn lasted only three years before her execution; she was replaced by Jane Seymour, who laid Henry's dynastic problems to rest with the birth of Edward VI. Fragmented noble factions involved in the Wars of the Roses found themselves reduced to vying for the king's favor in court. Reformist factions won the king's confidence and vastly benefiting from Henry's dissolution of the monasteries, as monastic lands and revenues went either to the crown or the nobility. The royal staff continued the rise in status that began under Henry VII, eventually to rival the power of the nobility. Two men, in particular, were prominent figures through the latter stages of Henry's reign: Thomas Cromwell and Thomas Cranmer. Cromwell, an efficient administrator, succeeded Wolsey as Lord Chancellor, creating new governmental departments for the varying types of revenue and establishing parish priest's duty of recording births, baptisms, marriages and deaths. Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, dealt with and guided changes in ecclesiastical policy and oversaw the dissolution of the monasteries.
Henry VIII built upon the innovations instituted by his father. The break with Rome, coupled with an increase in governmental bureaucracy, led to the royal supremacy that would last until the execution of Charles I and the establishment of the Commonwealth one hundred years after Henry's death. Henry was beloved by his subjects, facing only one major insurrection, the Pilgrimage of Grace, enacted by the northernmost counties in retaliation to the break with Rome and the poor economic state of the region. History remembers Henry in much the same way as Piero Pasqualigo, a Venetian ambassador: "... he is in every respect a most accomplished prince."
|
| Associated* |
Principal=Elizabeth Stafford |
| Marriage* |
Principal=Elizabeth Blount |
| Associated* |
Principal=Elizabeth Blount |
| Marriage* |
Principal=Mary Berkley |
| Birth* |
28 June 1491, Greenwich Palace, London, Middlesex, England |
| Marriage* |
11 June 1509, Grey Friar's Church, Greenwich, England, annulment, Principal=Catherine Trastamara Of Aragon |
| Acceded* |
24 June 1509, Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England |
| Annulment* |
1533, Principal=Catherine Trastamara Of Aragon |
| Marriage* |
25 January 1533, Westminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England, annulment, Principal=Marchioness Anne Boleyn Of Pembroke |
| Annulment* |
1536, Principal=Marchioness Anne Boleyn Of Pembroke |
| Marriage* |
20 May 1536, York Palace, England, Principal=Jane Seymour |
| Annulment* |
1540, Principal=Anne (?) Of Cleves |
| Marriage* |
6 January 1540, Greenwich, England, annulment, Principal=Anne (?) Of Cleves |
| Marriage* |
28 July 1540, Hampton Court Palace, Richmond, England, Principal=Catherine Howard |
| Marriage* |
12 July 1543, Hampton Court Palace, Richmond, England, Principal=Catherine Parr |
| Death* |
28 January 1546, Whitehall Palace, London, Middlesex, England |
| Family 4 |
Catherine Trastamara Of Aragon b. 15 December 1485, d. 7 January 1537 |
| Marriage* |
11 June 1509, Grey Friar's Church, Greenwich, England, annulment, Principal=Catherine Trastamara Of Aragon |
| Children |
- ? Tudor b. 31 Jan 1510, d. 31 Jan 1510
- Duke Henry (1) Tudor Of Cornwall b. 1 Jan 1511, d. 22 Feb 1511
- Duke Henry (2) Tudor Of Cornwall b. Nov 1513, d. Nov 1513
- ? Tudor b. Dec 1514, d. Dec 1514
- Queen Mary Tudor I Of England b. 8 Feb 1516, d. 17 Nov 1558
- ? Tudor b. 10 Nov 1518, d. 10 Nov 1518
|
| Family 9 |
Catherine Parr b. circa 1512, d. 5 September 1548 |
| Marriage* |
12 July 1543, Hampton Court Palace, Richmond, England, Principal=Catherine Parr |
James Touchet
M, b. circa 1398, d. 23 September 1459
| Birth* |
circa 1398, Heleigh, Yorkshire, England |
| Marriage* |
24 February 1414, Heleigh, Yorkshire, Englaand, Principal=Margaret De Roos |
| Death* |
23 September 1459, Battle At Blore Heath, Stropeshire, England |
John Touchet
M, d. ?unknown
| Death* |
?unknown |
| Marriage* |
Principal=Isabell ? |
Isabell ?
F, d. ?unknown
John De Grey
M, d. 27 August 1439
John Touchet Of Audley
M, b. circa 1420, d. 26 September 1490
| Birth* |
circa 1420, Heleigh, Staffordshire, England |
| Marriage* |
before 1456, Heleigh, Staffordshire, England, Principal=Anne Echingham |
| Death* |
26 September 1490, Heleigh, Staffordshire, England |
Mary Elizabeth Huddleston
F, b. 1777, d. 9 November 1853
| Burial* |
?unknown, Wilson Cemetery, Beckwith, Fayette Co., West Virginia |
| Birth* |
1777, Greenbrier Co., Virginia |
| Marriage* |
1797, Principal=John Jenkins |
| Death* |
9 November 1853, Fayetteville, Fayette Co., Virginia |
Anne Echingham
F, b. circa 1420, d. 7 May 1498
| Birth* |
circa 1420, Echingham, Sussex, England |
| Marriage* |
before 1456, Heleigh, Staffordshire, England, Principal=John Touchet Of Audley |
| Death* |
7 May 1498 |
Thomas Echingham
M, d. ?unknown
Anne Shoyeswell
F, d. ?unknown
Anne Plantagenet Of Exeter
F, b. 10 August 1439, d. 14 January 1476
| Marriage* |
Principal=Sir Thomas St. Legar |
| Birth* |
10 August 1439, Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, England |
| Marriage* |
before 30 July 1447, divorce, Principal=Duke Henry Holland Of Exeter II/IV |
| Divorce* |
1472, Principal=Duke Henry Holland Of Exeter II/IV |
| Burial* |
1476, St. George's Chapel, Westminster, Middlesex, England |
| Death* |
14 January 1476 |
King Edward Plantagenet IV Of England
M, b. 28 April 1442, d. 9 April 1483
| Partners* |
Principal=Eleanor Butler |
| Baptism |
Rouen Cathedral, France |
| Note* |
Burke say he was born 29 April 1441. Deposed 1470-1471.
The Complete Peerage v.XIIpII,pp.909-910.
|
| Birth* |
28 April 1442, Rouen, Normandy, France |
| Acceded* |
28 June 1461, Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England |
| Marriage* |
1 May 1464, Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire, England, Principal=Elizabeth Woodville |
| Death* |
9 April 1483, Westminster Palace, London, Middleses, England |
| Burial* |
18 April 1483, St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England |
| Family 2 |
Elizabeth Woodville b. 1437, d. 8 June 1492 |
| Marriage* |
1 May 1464, Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire, England, Principal=Elizabeth Woodville |
| Children |
- Elizabeth Plantagenet Of York+ b. 11 Feb 1467, d. 11 Feb 1504
- Lady Mary Plantagenet Of England b. 11 Aug 1467, d. 23 May 1482
- Cecily Plantagenet Of England b. 20 Mar 1469, d. 24 Aug 1507
- King Edward Plantagenet V Of England b. 4 Nov 1470, d. 22 Jun 1483
- Margaret Plantagenet b. 10 Apr 1472, d. ?unknown
- Duke Richard Plantagenet Of York b. 17 Aug 1473, d. 22 Jun 1483
- Lady Anne Plantagenet Of England b. 2 Nov 1475, d. a 22 Nov 1511
- Duke George Plantagenet Of Bedford b. Mar 1477, d. ?unknown
- Katherine Plantagenet Of England b. c 14 Aug 1479, d. 15 Nov 1527
- Nun Bridget Plantagenet b. 10 Nov 1480, d. ?unknown
|
Elizabeth Plantagenet Of Suffolk
F, b. 22 April 1444, d. 1503
| Burial* |
?unknown, Wingfield Church, Suffolk, England |
| Birth* |
22 April 1444, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France |
| Marriage* |
before October 1460, Principal=John De La Pole Of Suffolk II |
| Death* |
1503 |
Margaret Plantagenet
F, b. 23 May 1446, d. 23 November 1503
| Burial* |
?unknown, Church of the Cordeliers, Malines, Flanders |
| Birth* |
23 May 1446, Fotheringhay, Northamptonshire, England |
| Marriage* |
3 July 1468, Dammes, Flanders, Principal=Duke Charles "The Bold" De Valois Of Burgundy |
| Death* |
23 November 1503, Malines, Flanders |
Duke Charles "The Bold" De Valois Of Burgundy
M, b. 10 November 1433, d. 5 January 1476
| Birth* |
10 November 1433, Dijon, Cote-D'Or, France |
| Marriage* |
3 July 1468, Dammes, Flanders, Principal=Margaret Plantagenet |
| Death* |
5 January 1476, Nancy, Meurthe-et-Mosel, Lorraine, France |
Philip "The Good" De Valois
M, d. ?unknown
Isabel Avis Of Portugal
F, d. ?unknown
Angelina Preston
F, d. ?unknown
| Death* |
?unknown |
| Marriage* |
27 April 1846, Johnson Co., Kentucky, Principal=Nathaniel Preston |
Duke George Plantagenet Of Clarence
M, b. 1 October 1449, d. 18 February 1478
| Burial* |
?unknown, Tewkesbury, Gloucester, England |
| Note* |
Executed; said to have been drowned in a butt of Malmsey Wine as the method of his choice!
The Maderia wine called "Duke of Clarence" is named after this event.
Earl of Warwick, Earl of Salisbury.
The Complete Peerage v.XIIpII,p394.
|
| Birth* |
1 October 1449, Dublin Castle, Dublin, Ireland |
| Acceded* |
29 June 1461 |
| Marriage* |
11 July 1469, Church of Our Lady, Calais, France, Principal=Lady Isabel Nevill |
| Death* |
18 February 1478, Tower Of London, London, Middlesex, England |
King Richard Plantagenet III Of England
M, b. 2 October 1452, d. 22 August 1485
| Burial* |
?unknown, Grey Friar's Church, Leicester, England |
| Note* |
Duke of Gloucester 1461. The Complete Peerage vol.V,pp.737-741.
Richard III (1483-5 AD)
Richard III, the eleventh child of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, was born in 1452. He was created third Duke of Gloucester at the coronation of his brother, Edward IV. Richard had three children: one each of an illegitimate son and daughter, and one son by his first wife, Anne Neville, widow of Henry IV's son Edward.
Richard's reign gained an importance out of proportion to its length. He was the last of the Plantagenet dynasty, which had ruled England since 1154; he was the last English king to die on the battlefield; his death in 1485 is generally accepted between the medieval and modern ages in England; and he is credited with the responsibility for several murders: Henry VI , Henry's son Edward, his brother Clarence, and his nephews Edward and Richard.
Richard's power was immense, and upon the death of Edward IV , he positioned himself to seize the throne from the young Edward V . He feared a continuance of internal feuding should Edward V, under the influence of his mother's Woodville relatives, remain on the throne (most of this feared conflict would have undoubtedly come from Richard). The old nobility, also fearful of a strengthened Woodville clan, assembled and declared the succession of Edward V as illegal, due to weak evidence suggesting that Edward IV's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville was bigamous, thereby rendering his sons illegitimate and ineligible as heirs to the crown. Edward V and his younger brother, Richard of York, were imprisoned in the Tower of London, never to again emerge alive. Richard of Gloucester was crowned Richard III on July 6, 1483.
Four months into his reign he crushed a rebellion led by his former assistant Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, who sought the installation of Henry Tudor , a diluted Lancaster, to the throne. The rebellion was crushed, but Tudor gathered troops and attacked Richard's forces on August 22, 1485, at the battle of Bosworth Field. The last major battle of the Wars of the Roses, Bosworth Field became the death place of Richard III. Historians have been noticeably unkind to Richard, based on purely circumstantial evidence; Shakespeare portrays him as a complete monster in his play, Richard III. One thing is for certain, however: Richard's defeat and the cessation of the Wars of the Roses allowed the stability England required to heal, consolidate, and push into the modern era
|
| Birth* |
2 October 1452, Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, England |
| Marriage* |
12 July 1472, Westminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England, Principal=Lady Anne Beauchamp Nevill |
| Acceded* |
7 July 1483, Westminster Abbey, London, England |
| Death* |
22 August 1485, Battle Of Bosworth Field, Leicestershire, England |
Sir Thomas Grey Of Heton
M, b. circa 1405, d. 26 July 1443
Thomas Stanley Of Derby
M, b. circa 1435, d. 29 July 1504
George Stanley Of Strange
M, d. 5 December 1497
John De Tibetot Of Worcester I
M, b. circa 1427, d. 18 October 1470
| Marriage* |
Principal=Cecily De Neville Of Worcester |
| Name Variation |
3rd Earl of Worcester |
| Birth* |
circa 1427 |
| Death* |
18 October 1470, Tower Hill, London, Middlesex, England |
Henry De Beauchamp Of Warwick
M, b. 22 March 1423, d. 11 June 1446
| Burial* |
?unknown, Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucester, England |
| Birth* |
22 March 1423, Hanley Castle, Worcester, England |
| Marriage* |
1434, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England, Principal=Cecily De Neville Of Worcester |
| Death* |
11 June 1446, Hanley Castle, Worcester, England |
Anne De Beauchamp
F, b. February 1442, d. 3 January 1447
| Birth* |
February 1442, Cardiff, Glamorganshire, England |
| Death* |
3 January 1447, Ewelme, Oxford, England |
Lady Isabel Nevill
F, b. 5 September 1451, d. 14 December 1476
| Burial* |
?unknown, Tewkesbury, Gloucester, England |
| Birth* |
5 September 1451, Warwick Castle, Warwick, England |
| Marriage* |
11 July 1469, Church of Our Lady, Calais, France, Principal=Duke George Plantagenet Of Clarence |
| Death* |
14 December 1476, Warwick Castle, Warwick, England |
William Bonville Of Harrington
M, b. circa 1430, d. 31 December 1460
| Note* |
Died in the Battle Of Wakefield. |
| Birth* |
circa 1430, Shute, Devonshire, England |
| Marriage* |
before 6 February 1460, Principal=Catherine De Neville |
| Death* |
31 December 1460, Yorksire, England |
Philippe Augustus Capet II Of France
M, b. 21 August 1165, d. 14 July 1223
James Watkins
M, d. ?unknown
